{"id":1918,"date":"2017-08-01T19:12:59","date_gmt":"2017-08-01T13:42:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?p=1918"},"modified":"2019-08-16T22:36:32","modified_gmt":"2019-08-16T17:06:32","slug":"%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%b9%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%ac%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%87-%e0%a6%96%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%be-%e0%a6%9a%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a0%e0%a6%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?p=1918","title":{"rendered":"\u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 (\u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u099a\u09bf\u09a0\u09bf)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>\u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><i><img data-attachment-id=\"1920\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?attachment_id=1920\" 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\u0995\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u09aa\u09dc\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u09ac\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a8? \u09b8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0998\u09be\u09a4 \u09a4\u09cb \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09cb\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09a8\u09df\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7 \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09a4\u09cb \u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a4 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0\u0964 \u0997\u09be\u09df\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09bf\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995 \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09df \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09c7\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Literary Representation of the Subaltern <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8230;that history deals with the real events and literature with imagined ones may not be seen as a difference in degree rather than in kind. The difference between cases historical and literary events will always be there as a differential moment in forms of what is called &#8216;the effect of the real&#8217;. What is called history will always be seen more real to us than what is called literature.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0 \u0995\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u09aa\u09bf\u099b\u09a8 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09df\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09b0\u09a3\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09b8\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u0986\u09ac\u09c7\u0997 \u0993 \u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09c1\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09df \u0985\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8? \u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u0987 \u099f\u09c1\u09a1\u09c1-\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09c0\u09a8\u09a4\u09be \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u2018\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u2019 \u09a8\u09df, \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u098f\u0995 \u0985\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u09b2 differential moment\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09b8\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09df \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u0983\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09b9\u09df\u09a4\u09cb\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u2018\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u0987 \u099f\u09c1\u09a1\u09c1\u2019 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c1\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a2\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7, \u0986\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u09b8\u09be\u0981\u09a4\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0, \u0985\u0997\u09a3\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u0987 \u099f\u09c1\u09a1\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 identify \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09b8\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u0995\u09a4\u099f\u09be &#8216;real&#8217; \u09a4\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u09b8\u09be\u0981\u09a4\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u0987-\u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09a4\u09be \u09a4\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09cc\u09b9\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7, \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cc\u09a8\u0983\u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09be\u09df\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 :<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahasweta Devi&#8217;s own relationship to historical discourse seems clear. She has always been gripped by the individual in history upto and including Hajar Churasir Ma (1973-74). The prose belonged to the generally sentimental style of the mainstream Bengali novel of the fifties and the sixties. To this reader it seems as if the vision of Hajar Churasir Ma the bringing to crisis of the personal through a political event of immediate magnitude (the &#8220;climatic phase of the annihiliation of the urban Naxalities&#8221;) pushed Mahasweta from what was perceived as &#8220;literary&#8221; or &#8220;subjective&#8221; into an experiment with a form perceived as &#8220;historical&#8221;.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e8<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09b6\u09c8\u09b2\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09c7\u09b9\u09be\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993, \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09df\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09df\u09c0\u0997\u09a4 \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u2018\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u2019 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09af\u09c7 \u0997\u09be\u09df\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 &#8216;pushed&#8217; \u0995\u09a5\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09ce\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u0995 \u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u2018\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u2019 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u0989 &#8216;pushed&#8217; \u09b9\u09a8\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be, \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c0-\u0986\u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09df\u09a8\u09be, \u09ac\u09be \u099d\u09be\u0981\u09b8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09bf-\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u09af\u09be\u09df\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09b9\u09a8\u09c7, \u09ac\u09c7\u09dc\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7, \u0998\u099f\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099a\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09b6 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09ac\u099a \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u09ab\u09c7\u099f\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09a8\u09df, \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae \u09ae\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u0993 \u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u09a3 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u099f\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be-\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0986\u09ac\u09c7\u0997\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u0993 \u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u09df\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u0987 \u09a8\u09c7\u0987\u0964 \u0995\u09c7\u0989 \u0995\u09c7\u0989 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8, \u09ad\u09df\u09be\u09ac\u09b9 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u0997\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09aa\u09a6\u09c0\u09aa\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09af, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b8\u09c7 \u0997\u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09a4 \u099f\u09be\u09a8-\u099f\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09aa 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\u099c\u09be\u09df\u0997\u09be\u099f\u09be \u09b9\u09b2 &#8216;Un-historical historiography politics of the people&#8217;\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 &#8216;elite politics&#8217;-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0994\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u099c\u09c1\u09dc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09df \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09cd\u09af \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09b2 &#8216;sub-altern classes and groups constituting the mass of the labouring population and the intermediate strata in town and country&#8211; that is the people&#8217;\u0964<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ec<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 autonomous domain\u0964<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ed<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u098f\u0987 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09ac\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09b6\u09cb\u09b0\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09df \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b8\u09a8 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09a4\u09cb \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09aa\u09cb\u09dc\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09df \u099c\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09a3 \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09dc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u0995 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c0\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u09a7\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u099f\u09be \u09ae\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c7\u09df\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u0987\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09dc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09dc \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c1\u0993 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be \u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u0982\u09dc\u09c7 \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u09af\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u0995\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09ac, \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09c7\u0987\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u098f\u0987 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u099f\u09be \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09b2\u09c1\u09ae, \u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09be \u099a\u09bf\u09a0\u09bf, \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u09a8\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u0964 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09be\u09df\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u098f-\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0993 \u09aa\u09dc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a8, \u098f\u0995\u09be-\u098f\u0995\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09b2\u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09c1 \u09aa\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u0996\u09c1\u09b6\u09bf \u09b9\u09ac\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>\u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09e7,\u09e8,\u09e9,\u09ea. In Other Worlds, Essay in Cultural Politics, Gayatri Chakraborty Spivak, Methuen, New York and London, 1987, pp 243-244<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09eb. \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be, \u099c\u09b0\u09cd\u099c \u099f\u09ae\u09b8\u09a8, \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u099c\u09df\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u099a\u09cc\u09a7\u09c1\u09b0\u09c0, \u09aa\u09c3: \u09ee\u09e8<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u09ec,\u09ed. Subaltern Studies I, Ed. Ranajit Guha, O.U.P 1982 p.4<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"fb-background-color\">\n\t\t\t  <div \n\t\t\t  \tclass = \"fb-comments\" \n\t\t\t  \tdata-href = \"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?p=1918\"\n\t\t\t  \tdata-numposts = \"100\"\n\t\t\t  \tdata-lazy = \"true\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-colorscheme = \"light\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-order-by = \"time\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-mobile=true>\n\t\t\t  <\/div><\/div>\n\t\t  <style>\n\t\t    .fb-background-color {\n\t\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff !important;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe {\n\t\t\t    width: 100% !important;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t  <\/style>\n\t\t  ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>\u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af &nbsp; <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?p=1918\" title=\"\u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 (\u0996\u09cb\u09b2\u09be 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2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u00a0 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u0995, \u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u0995\u09ac\u09bf; \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u2018\u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09c1\u09aa\u2019-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u0995 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0986\u099c \u09b0\u09cb\u09ac\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0\u09cb\u0987 \u09a8\u09ad\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u099a\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b2, \u09af\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af 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