{"id":3439,"date":"2017-11-05T20:21:19","date_gmt":"2017-11-05T14:51:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?p=3439"},"modified":"2019-03-06T17:02:58","modified_gmt":"2019-03-06T11:32:58","slug":"%e0%a6%89%e0%a6%aa%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%ac%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b6%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%aa%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%98%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a4-%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?p=3439","title":{"rendered":"\u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0998\u09be\u09a4: \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c1\u0993 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u099c\u09bf\u09ce \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-attachment-id=\"3465\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?attachment_id=3465\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.4numberplatform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Abhijit.jpg?fit=227%2C318&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"227,318\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Abhijit\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.4numberplatform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Abhijit.jpg?fit=214%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.4numberplatform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Abhijit.jpg?fit=227%2C318&amp;ssl=1\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-3465\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.4numberplatform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Abhijit.jpg?resize=138%2C191&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"138\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.4numberplatform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Abhijit.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=138%2C191&amp;ssl=1 276w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.4numberplatform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Abhijit.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=138%2C191&amp;ssl=1 414w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 138px) 100vw, 138px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong><em>\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u099c\u09bf\u09ce \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c0 \u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09ac\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09df\u09c7 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u098f\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995\u0964 \u0993\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995\u0993\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u0987 \u2018\u09af\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09df\u09b0\u09be \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u2019, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5 \u2018\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u0995\u09bf \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0 \u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u2019\u0964 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0-\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09df<\/em><\/strong><em><strong>\u0964<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c1\u0993 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb-\u09b0 When We Were Young \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b6 \u0987\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u0998\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09a7-\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a4\u09a6\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u099b\u09c7\u09a8:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c(It\u2019s) the heart of the serpent. I\u2019d go for it. Why waste precious time wrestling with its many heads? I\u2019d go this day to where the heart of the serpent lies and slay the thing once and for all before\u2026 before\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u0987\u099f\u09c7\u0987 \u0986\u09b8\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c1\u0993 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb-\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09a8 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 -\u2013 \u09b8\u09b0\u09c0\u09b8\u09c3\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b9\u09c3\u09a6\u09df\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u0998\u09be\u09a4 \u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u098f \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09cb\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c1\u0993 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09df \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8 \u099c\u09c7\u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u0986\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u0995 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u0995\u09bf \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09ae\u09bf, \u0997\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995&#8217;\u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7\u0987 \u09af\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8\u0964 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u0982\u09b6 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09df\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7, \u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09c0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0964 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b8\u09cd\u099f-\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u099c\u09ae \u09af\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09cb\u0996\u09c7 \u0986\u0999\u09c1\u09b2 \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ad\u09cc\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a1\u09bf\u0995\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09b6\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c0 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 &#8216;\u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be&#8217; 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I am speaking now of those of us who emigrated\u2026 and I suspect that there are times when the move seems wrong to us all, when we seem, to ourselves, post-lapsarian men and women. We are Hindus who have crossed the black water; we are Muslims who eat pork. And as a result \u2013 as my use of the Christian notion of the Fall indicates \u2013 we are now partly of the West. Our identity is at once plural and partial. Sometimes we feel that we straddle two cultures; at other times, that we fall between two stools\u2026 If literature is in part the business of finding new angles at which to enter reality, then once again our distance, our long geographical perspective, may provide us with such angles.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0995\u09a5\u09be\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c1\u0993 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0993 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09a4\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09ac, \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09a5\u09be\u099f\u09be \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u0993 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09bf\u099c\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09df\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09ad\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u099f\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09b9\u09b2 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7, \u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be\u09df, \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09b2\u09dc\u09be\u0987, \u0995\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09be\u09a4\u0964 \u09b0\u09c1\u09b6\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae The Empire Writes Back With A Vengeance. \u09b2\u09dc\u09be\u0987\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u099f\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u099f \u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u0996\u09a8 The Empire Strikes Back \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u099b\u09c7\u09a8, \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0993 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u099b\u09c7:<\/p>\n<p>A characteristic of dominated literatures is an inevitable tendency towards subversion, and a study of the subversive strategies employed by post colonial writers would reveal both the configuration of domination and the imaginative and creative responses to this condition.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 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That\u2019s how, I kind of branded myself right from the start; as somebody who didn\u2019t know Japan deeply, writing in English, whole books with only Japanese characters in. Trying to be part of the English literary scene like that. Part of the reason that I was able to make my career as a novelist very rapidly in Britain in the 1980s was because there was \u2013 just at the time when I started to write \u2013 a great hunger for this kind of new internationalism&#8230; publishers in London and literary critics and journalists in Londonsuddenly wanted to discover a new generation of writers who would be quite different from your typical older generations of English writers&#8230;<br \/>\nThe people writing in English \u2013 people like Salman Rushdie \u2013 became the new heroes. And I think I was almost kind of allowed onto the literary scene because I seemed to be an international writer. I kind of thought that was the role I was supposed to play. That\u2019s why I was there. And so I think for that reason I perhaps am very conscious of the whole international thing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a4\u09c1\u09ae\u09c1\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09a4 \u098f\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u2019\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u0993\u0981\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u09ac\u0964 \u0986\u09b8\u09b2 \u0995\u09a5\u09be, \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u09bf\u09ac\u09c0\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u09a4\u09cb \u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u0987 international \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u0993\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0987 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cc\u09b0\u09ac\u0997\u09be\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0, \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u099b\u09dc\u09be\u099b\u09dc\u09bf\u0964 \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u0993 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMemory can be an unreliable thing\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u0993 \u09ac\u09be \u201cAs I say, I am sure these impressions are not accurate, but that is how the evening remains in my mind.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be, \u201cEven to-night, when I sat down here and tried to gather in some sort of order these things I still remember, I have been struck anew by how hazy so much has grown.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09c0, \u201cIt is possible this is a case of hindsight colouring my memory.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u0985\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09b0\u09ac\u0996\u09a4 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u0964 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0997\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c0\u09a3-\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u09dc\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u0995\u09bf \u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09ae\u09bf \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7, \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0987 \u0986\u09b8\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3, \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f, \u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4, \u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09dc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be\u0964 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ad\u09df \u09aa\u09be\u09df \u09af\u09c7, \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09a4\u09b0\u09c1\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u0993 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0987 \u09a4\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09aa\u09bf\u099b\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be, \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09df \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u0987 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09c0 \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09dc\u09be\u09b2, \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c7\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u0993 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7? \u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4, \u099a\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u09ab\u09be\u099f\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09c0 \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09dc\u09be\u09b2 -\u2013 \u0986\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09cb\u0995, \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u098f\u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u0987 \u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0993 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a7\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b9\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09ae\u09be-\u09b0 \u2018\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u200c\u09a8\u09bf\u09a8 \u0997\u09cb\u09b8\u09c1\u0987\u2019 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c7\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09ae \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0 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\u09ac\u09c7\u0981\u099a\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3, \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf -\u2013 \u09b8\u09ac\u0987 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09c7\u09b6\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u2018A Pale View of Hills\u2019 (\u09e7\u09ef\u09ee\u09e8) \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u098f\u09ce\u09b8\u09c1\u0995\u09cb \u0986\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09cb-\u09b0 \u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09cb-\u09b0 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09ae\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cb\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09cb \u0986\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u0993 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09cb \u098f\u09ce\u09b8\u09c1\u0995\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMariko would be happier there. America is a far better place for a young girl to grow up. Out there, she could do all kinds of things with her life. She could become a business girl. Or she could study painting at college and become an artist. All these things are much easier in America, Etsuko. Japan is no place for a girl. What can she look forward to there?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u09a6\u09c1\u0983\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09b0\u09c1\u09a3\u09c0\u09b0 \u099b\u09ac\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u0987 \u09b8\u09be\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09cb \u0986\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09aa\u099f\u09c7 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c1\u099f\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09c7\u0964 \u0993\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a4\u09b0\u09c1\u09a3\u09c0\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a1\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09df \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cb-\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df \u09ac\u09c7\u09dc\u09be\u09b2\u099b\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a1\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09cb \u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09be\u0987 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09df \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8:<\/p>\n<p>\u2018\u201cCan\u2019t you think of anything else?\u2019 She said, lowering her voice almost to a whisper. \u2018Aren\u2019t you old enough yet to see there are other things besides these filthy little animals? You\u2019ll just have to grow up a little. You simply can\u2019t have these sentimental attachments forever. These are just\u2026 just animals don\u2019t you see? Don\u2019t you understand that, child?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b2 \u099c\u0997\u09ce \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09c1\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u099c\u09be\u09df\u0997\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09df \u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995\u09cb\u09a3\u09c7 -\u2013 \u098f\u09ce\u09b8\u09c1\u0995\u09cb-\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0 \u0993\u0997\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u0986\u09b0 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09df-\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7, \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09df\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u0996\u09c1\u0987\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0983\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac, \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09bf\u09a8, \u098f\u0995\u09a6\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c3\u09b9\u09ac\u09a7\u09c2 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09b8 \u09ab\u09c1\u099c\u09bf\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u09be-\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0964 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09c1\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u099b\u09c7\u0981\u09dc\u09be \u09ae\u09c7\u0998\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0986\u099f\u0995\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09be, \u09ab\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u09ce\u09b8\u09c1\u0995\u09cb\u0995\u09c7\u0993 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09dc\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09df \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c \u099b\u09c7\u09dc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09ae\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u0987\u0995\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7, \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09df \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ae\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae \u09a8\u09c7\u09df \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09ae\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u0964 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u0996\u09c1\u0987\u09df\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u0987\u0995\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be -\u2013 \u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09b9\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0986\u09aa\u09be\u09a4-\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKeiko, unlike Niki, was pure Japanese, and more than one newspaper was quick to pick up on the fact. The English are fond of their idea that our race has an instinct for suicide, as if further explanations are unnecessary; for that was all they reported, that she was Japanese and that she had hung herself in her room.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8! \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09ce \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u09ce\u09b8\u09c1\u0995\u09cb-\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09df \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09df, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09dc\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09be\u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b2\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09a8 \u09b6\u09b9\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09be 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\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09b6 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b8\u099b\u09c7 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u09a1\u09ac\u09b2\u09bf\u0989 \u09ac\u09bf \u0987\u09df\u09c7\u099f\u09cd\u200c\u09b8-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u201cThings fall apart the centre cannot hold\u201d \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a7\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be \u0986\u099a\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7-\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09bf, \u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09c1-\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u2018\u0987\u09ae\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u2019 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb-\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u2018An Artist of the Floating World\u2019-\u098f\u09b0 (\u09e7\u09ef\u09ee\u09ec) \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09df\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ad\u09bf \u098f\u09b8 \u09a8\u09be\u0987\u09aa\u09b2 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u2018Beyond Belief\u2019 \u09ac\u0987\u09df\u09c7 \u098f\u09ae\u09a4 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ae\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7, \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u0993 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09aa\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09be\u0987 \u0986\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u099c\u09a8\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0993 -\u2013 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4 \u098f\u0987 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb \u09ac\u099f\u09c7\u0987\u0964 \u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7-\u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099b\u09ac\u09bf, \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09df \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 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\u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u0998\u099f\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u0986\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2, \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac \u0986\u09b0 \u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae, \u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09df\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09df\u0997\u09be-\u09ac\u09a6\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7-\u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0\u0987 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u0987 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u0985\u09ae\u09cb\u0998\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u2018\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8\u2019\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u2018\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u2019-\u098f \u09b2\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u099d\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09c7, \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u0997\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09be, \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ad\u09bf\u09dc \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df, \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09cb\u09a6-\u09ae\u09b9\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u2018The Floating World\u2019\u0964 \u098f\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0 \u0997\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u09b0\u09bf, \u09af\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0993\u09a8\u09cb-\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995, \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8,<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSometimes we used to drink and enjoy ourselves with the women of the pleasure quarters, and Gisaburo would become happy. Those women would tell him all the things he wanted to hear, and for the night anyway, he\u2019d be able to believe them. Once the morning came, of course, he was too intelligent a man to go on believing such things. But Gisaburo did not value those nights any the less for that. The best things, he always used to say, are put together of a night and vanish with the morning. What people call the floating world, Ono was a world Gisaburo knew how to value.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026 The finest, most fragile beauty an artist can hope to capture drifts within those pleasure houses after dark. And on nights like these, Ono, some of the beauty drift into our own quarters here\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09dc\u09be \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b9\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be \u098f\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09be\u09a6 \u099b\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7-\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u0993\u09a8\u09cb-\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c1 \u09ae\u09be\u09ce\u09b8\u09c1\u09a6\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8,<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u098f\u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09c1 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df \u09af\u09c7, \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 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\u0985\u099a\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb-\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8, \u2018When We Were Orphans\u2019 (\u09e8\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6) -\u2013 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0993 \u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u09bf\u09ac\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0\u09df \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be, \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u2018\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u200c\u09ae\u2019(!) \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 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\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7, \u0994\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995 \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u099c\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u2019 -\u2013 \u098f \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09cb\u0987 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u099f\u09be \u098f\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u09ac\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09b2 \u09b2\u09cb\u09ad\u09c0 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09ab\u09bf\u09ae \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u0964 \u0985\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09ad \u0998\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018The Sea of Poppies\u2019-\u098f \u0986\u09ab\u09bf\u09ae-\u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf, \u0986\u09b0 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb-\u09b0 \u2018When We Were Orphans\u2019-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09df \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u098f \u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0, \u09aa\u09c7\u09b6\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cb\u09df\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09ab\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u200c\u09b8, \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09ae\u09be\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09cb\u0981\u099c\u09c7 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\u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09c7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBut now do you see how the world really is? You see what made possible your comfortable life in England? How you were able to become a celebrated detective? A detective (\u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09a7 \u0993 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09c0\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7)! What good is that to anyone? Stolen jewells, aristocrats murdered for their inheritance. Do you suppose that\u2019s all there is to contend with? Your mother, she wanted you to live in your enchanted world for ever. But it\u2019s impossible. In the end it has to shatter. It\u2019s a miracle it survived so long for you.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09be, \u098f\u0987 \u0995\u09a5\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09b6\u09c1\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u0995\u09bf \u09a4\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u2018\u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u09b0\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u2019\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u09a4 \u099a\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a6\u09be \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7? \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df\u099f\u09be\u09df \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u0993\u09b8\u09ac \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09ac\u09be (\u09a8\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09a8\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u0987 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7) \u0995\u09c0 \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u099b\u09c7? \u09b8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b2\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09cd\u200c\u09b8\u0995\u09c7:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u2026 if you wanted to know about the world for quite a lot of the last two or three centuries, you had to know about British culture.<\/p>\n<p>But that finished, you see. And I think it took a little while after the end of the Second World War for the British to realize this. And then, suddenly, around the world the time when I started to write, I think people came to this realization: We\u2019re not the centre of the universe. We\u2019re just this little backwater in Europe. If we want to participate in the world, culturally speaking, we\u2019ve got to find out what\u2019s happening in the rest of the world.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u099f\u09bf\u09ae\u09cb\u09a5\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 Nation and Narration \u09ac\u0987\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u099b\u09c7\u09a8:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor the period following the Second World War, English society was transformed by its earlier imperial encounters. The wave of post-war immigration to the imperial \u2018centers\u2019 \u2013 including in England the influx of large numbers of non-white people from Africa and the Caribbean, and in America, from Asia and Latin America \u2013 amounted to what Gordon Lewis called \u2018a colonialism in reverse\u2019 \u2013 a new sense of what it means to be \u2018English\u2019. To a lesser extent, the same happened in France.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u098f \u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09ae \u0995\u09a5\u09be? \u0997\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09df \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7-\u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0 \u099c\u09c1\u09dc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u099f\u09cb \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a4 \u09ac\u0987\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 -\u2013 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09cc\u0995\u09cb \u09ad\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c1\u09b6\u09a6\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u099a\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7, \u0985\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09ad \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb-\u09b0\u09be -\u2013 \u099f\u09bf\u09ae\u09cb\u09a5\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u09a8-\u098f\u09b0 \u098f \u0995\u09a5\u09be\u09df \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09df\u0987 \u09b9\u09c3\u09a6\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0995\u09cb\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09c1 \u09a4\u09c3\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09b2 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ad\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<div class=\"fb-background-color\">\n\t\t\t  <div \n\t\t\t  \tclass = \"fb-comments\" \n\t\t\t  \tdata-href = \"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?p=3439\"\n\t\t\t  \tdata-numposts = \"100\"\n\t\t\t  \tdata-lazy = \"true\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-colorscheme = \"light\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-order-by = \"time\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-mobile=true>\n\t\t\t  <\/div><\/div>\n\t\t  <style>\n\t\t    .fb-background-color {\n\t\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff !important;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe {\n\t\t\t    width: 100% !important;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t  <\/style>\n\t\t  ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u099c\u09bf\u09ce \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09c0 &nbsp; <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?p=3439\" title=\"\u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0998\u09be\u09a4: \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c1\u0993 \u0987\u09b6\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3417,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[356],"tags":[362,1236,667,720,700],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.4numberplatform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Literature.jpg?fit=1600%2C1000&ssl=1","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8MQkn-Tt","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":32271,"url":"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?p=32271","url_meta":{"origin":3439,"position":0},"title":"\u09a8\u09cb\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2 \u09e8\u09e6\u09e8\u09e8 \u2014 \u09b7\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7, \u09b7\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be","date":"December 1, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b2\u09ae \u00a0 \u201c\u098f \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09df, \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09df\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c0 \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u201d\u2014 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a8 \u0987\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09df \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8, \u098f \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0, \u09af\u09be\u0981\u09b0\u09be \u201cduring the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind.\u201d \u0997\u09a4 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09dc\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0987\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099f\u09c7\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2&quot;","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.4numberplatform.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/sompa.jpg?fit=1024%2C518&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":31877,"url":"https:\/\/www.4numberplatform.com\/?p=31877","url_meta":{"origin":3439,"position":1},"title":"\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8: \u09b9\u09be\u0987-\u099f\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0987","date":"October 16, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0986\u09b6\u09c0\u09b7 \u09b2\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09dc\u09c0 \u00a0 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8 \u0993 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u0995, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09be\u09b0, \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u0995 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u201c\u09b9\u09be\u0987-\u099f\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u201d \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09df \u09ac\u09b2\u09b2\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09ab\u09be\u09a4 \u098f\u0987, \u098f\u0987\u09b8\u09ac \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u09b7\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7, \u09aa\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09ae \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 | \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09ac\u09b0, 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